Semens analysis test (seminal fluid analysis)

Semens analysis test values

WHO standards

Value

Term abstinence

2-7 days

Failure to comply with the terms of abstinence test result can not be compared with the standard and spermiologichesky diagnosis in this case must be considered incorrect. Medium term abstinence are optimal for the study of ejaculate. Re-analysis should take with the same period of abstinence, that first one.

Volume

2 ml or more

Ejaculate volume less than 2 ml qualifies as mikrospermiya, which in most cases is associated with inadequate function of the paranasal gonads. The upper limit to the amount of ejaculate is not limited to the WHO Guidelines.

Color

Grayish

Red or brown color indicates the presence of blood, which may be caused by tumors, stones in the prostate gland, or trauma. Yellowish hue may be a variant of normal or indicative of disease, jaundice, or taking certain vitamins.

pH

7.2 or more

WHO experts is limited only by the lower pH value.

Liquefaction time

60 min

Increase of liquefaction is usually the result of a long ongoing inflammatory processes in the paranasal gonads, such as the prostate (prostatitis), seminal vesicles (vesicles) or enzyme deficiency.

Viscosity (consistency)

Small individual drops (up to 2 cm)

The reasons for increasing the viscosity of the same as the time increases dilution. In a normal ejaculate, emerging from the pipette, forming small individual droplets, and the sample with abnormal viscosity forms a thread more than 2 cm

The density of sperm

20 million or more

Increase or decrease in sperm density is defined as polizoospermiya or oligozoospermia respectively. The upper limit of normal sperm densities WHO experts is not limited. Changes in the density of sperm are a consequence of endocrine disorders, blood in the organs of the scrotum, toxic or radiation effects on the testes (augmentative or depressing spermatogenesis), inflammation, and rarely - immunity disorders.

The total number of sperm

40 million or more

Reasons for possible discrepancies standards are the same as in the previous paragraph.

Sperm motility
1. Actively-moving with rectilinear motion (A)
2. Slow-moving with rectilinear movement (B)
3. Slow-moving with the vibrational or rotational movement (C)
4. Fixed (D)

Type A> 25%
or A V> 50%
60 min. after ejaculation

Reduced sperm motility called asthenozoospermia. Asthenozoospermia may be caused by toxic or radiation effects, inflammatory or immunological factors. Has a value and ecological conditions. Asthenozoospermia is often seen in people working at elevated temperature (chef attendant, an employee "hot shop", etc.).

Morphology

More than 15%

Morphologically normal spermatozoa is 40-60%.

Live sperm (sometimes - dead sperm)

Over 50%

The content of the ejaculate more than 50% dead sperm called nekrospermiey. Nekrospermiya, as well as the deterioration of morphology, are often temporary. Possible causes nekrospermii - poisoning, infectious disease, stress and other long are nekrospermiya indicates severe disorders of spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenic cells (immature sex cells)

No standards

Found in each ejaculate. A significant number of cells in spermatogenesis (epithalaxia) occurs at the secretory form of infertility.

Agglutination of sperm

Normally, there should'nt be

True agglutination is rare and suggests about violations of the immune system. Should be distinguished from true agglutination of sperm aggregation. In contrast to aggregates, with a true agglutination glued only the sperm and "outlet" of them do not contain cellular elements.

Agglutination of sperm

1 * 106 (3-4 per standard field of view)

Excess rate indicates the presence of inflammation in the genitals (prostatitis, vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, etc.).

Erythrocytes

Normally, there should'nt be

The presence of red blood cells in semen can be associated with tumors, trauma of genital organs, the presence of stones in the prostate, vesiculitis.

Amyloid bodies

no WHO standards

Referred to as "presence / absence (/-)». Amyloid bodies are not currently available in many patients, suggesting some reduction in function of the prostate.

Lecithin grain

no WHO standards

Referred to as "presence / absence (/-)». Small amount of lecithin granules shows a decline of functions of the prostate.

Mucus

no WHO standards

May be present in the norm. A large amount of mucus indicates possible inflammation of the paranasal gonads.